或(huo)许当你(ni)看(kan)到美轮美奂的珠宝首饰时,心里情不自禁地被(bei)那做工精美的外(wai)形(xing)为之一动。此刻,或(huo)许你(ni)也想知道(dao),如此巧夺天工,灿烂夺目(mu)的首饰是如何(he)做成的?不用急,下(xia)面我(wo)们就(jiu)带你(ni)走(zou)进那些(xie)高级(ji)珠宝幕后(hou)的制作过程。
第一步
把(ba)配(pei)置(zhi)好的(de)金(jin)(jin)属(shu)利用(yong)真空吸铸(zhu)机吸铸(zhu)或者真空感(gan)应(ying)离心浇铸(zhu)机等(deng)烧熔成为金(jin)(jin)属(shu)水,倒入已经烘培干的(de)不锈(xiu)钢筒(tong)里面(mian)。
第二步
再自(zi)然冷却后把石膏用化学物(wu)品洗掉,一(yi)棵金(jin)属(shu)树(shu)就新鲜出(chu)炉了。把毛(mao)胚从金(jin)属(shu)树(shu)里小心的剪出(chu)来,就可以进行修胚了,又称为执模。
这是半(ban)成品(pin)加工的(de)第一步,把剪出(chu)来的(de)空托按客单上的(de)要(yao)求进(jin)行(xing)焊(han)接、锉(cuo)、执、锤(chui)、省等工序对(dui)空托出(chu)现的(de)变形(xing)及表(biao)面(mian)粗糙进(jin)行(xing)修整,使(shi)之达到平(ping)滑、无沙眼(小孔)。执模(mo)好(hao)后利用一些化学原料(氰化钾等)的(de)腐(fu)蚀作用使(shi)空金(jin)托表(biao)面(mian)的(de)污秽物质除掉(diao),并用磁力(li)研磨机(ji)进(jin)行(xing)抛光。
第三步
镶(xiang)嵌(qian)就是用(yong)钳子,锤子等工具按款式的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)把(ba)配(pei)好的(de)石料镶(xiang)嵌(qian)到已炸色过的(de)空托上。镶(xiang)嵌(qian)的(de)时候要(yao)按照(zhao)石料的(de)形状,大小等进行(xing)车位,以(yi)不同要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)镶(xiang)法把(ba)石料稳(wen)固(gu)的(de)镶(xiang)嵌(qian)得平(ping),齐(qi),稳(wen)。由于镶(xiang)嵌(qian)时的(de)钳子等工具来镶(xiang)嵌(qian),边,爪等进行(xing)修(xiu)整,以(yi)便打磨。
第四步
电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)镀(du)(du)有金银之分,不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)金属(shu)(shu),电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)镀(du)(du)的(de)(de)方(fang)式就不(bu)同(tong)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)镀(du)(du)又可以用两(liang)种方(fang)式,一(yi)(yi)镀(du)(du)笔(bi)(bi)式电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)镀(du)(du),又叫做笔(bi)(bi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。是用一(yi)(yi)支沾上金水(shui)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)笔(bi)(bi),轻(qing)(qing)轻(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)点在(zai)金属(shu)(shu)表面(mian)上,使(shi)金属(shu)(shu)变成(cheng)白金色等,起到很好(hao)的(de)(de)装饰作用。不(bu)过(guo)因为镀(du)(du)的(de)(de)表面(mian)太小,只适(shi)合轻(qing)(qing)小的(de)(de)首饰电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)镀(du)(du),或(huo)者用于首饰翻新等。而(er)另一(yi)(yi)种方(fang)式是就是遮盖式电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)镀(du)(du),又称为水(shui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。采用常规的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)镀(du)(du)设备(bei),把首饰用水(shui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)捆(kun)绑好(hao),放(fang)入已配好(hao)的(de)(de)金水(shui)里(li)面(mian),在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定PH值和温度(du)条(tiao)件下(xia),通过(guo)正负电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)镀(du)(du)液的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学反应,使(shi)镀(du)(du)金液的(de)(de)金离子逐渐转移(yi)到首饰的(de)(de)金属(shu)(shu)表面(mian)。
电镀后的(de)首(shou)(shou)饰表面上具(ju)有极好的(de)保护(hu)作用,因其而腐蚀(shi)性极佳,长期(qi)佩戴不易改变颜色(se)。电镀过后一(yi)件完美的(de)首(shou)(shou)饰成(cheng)品就完成(cheng)了。